Phonetic Alphabet

The Phoenician alphabet is based on what principle?
one sign represents one sound
Describe the shape of the letters and what tool created them? straight and had many angles
What two reasons made the Phoenician alphabet so successful? It was simple to learn/read. Merchants used it often therefore spreading it around.
What long term effects on the social structures of civilizations did the Phoenicians have with the creation of their alphabet?

It took away the social classes
"The Greek Alphabet | 800 BC"
How did Greeks come in contact with the Phoenicians?
 Phoenicians traveled to greece often and made trades with the people there.
How was the Greek adaptation of the alphabet different from its predecessor?It wasn't the exact same as the Phonetician Alphabet, it had more letters and had vowels.
Why is the Greek alphabet considered to be the world's first true alphabet?
-I don't know it's not in the podcast.
Name several similarities and differences between the Greek and modern English alphabets? Post an example of the Greek alphabet in visual form.

"The Roman Alphabet | 7th century BC" 
What was the basis of the Roman uppercase alphabet?
 The Greek alphabet
What were the purposes of the formal and informal styles of lettering?
Formal was for important manuscripts and informal was more a way of jotting things down
Why is the Roman alphabet the most widely used and what contributions did it make?
it added serifs and the base line
From where did serifs originate?
rome, when little notches were added to letters to prevent the chisel from slipping
When and where did lowercase, or minuscule, letters develop?
-not in podcast
What is a ligature and why were they utilized?

   

Hieroglyphics and the Egyptians | 3,000 BC

In the sixth century BC, what three civilizations invaded Egypt?
Persians, Greeks and Romans.

Post an example of the inside wall(s) of an Ancient Egyptian temple.





 







What was discovered on the inside of the temples?
Hieroglyphics.

Scholars believe that Ancient Egyptians were inspired and influenced by which written language?
Cuneiform.

What is the difference between logographic and alphabetic elements?Logograms are visual symbols to represent objects.
Alphabetic came later to document writing.

The term Hieroglyphic derived from what two Greek words?
Sacred engravings.

What is a scribe?


Who else was trained to read and write? Why?
Students and Military personnel.




Post an example of hieroglyphics on papyrus.

What is papyrus and how was it made?
Substrate made from reeds. Wet reeds are placed, flattened and dried. Rubbed with flat stones until smooth.

What is a substrate?
Natural stone/surface.

What were the Books of the Dead?
Instructions on how to reach the afterlife.

How did Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics become a forgotten language?
The Greeks and Romans overtook Egypt and after a while, few egyptians could actually read the hieroglyphics. 



Post an example of the Rosetta Stone.

What is the Rosetta Stone? Where was it discovered?
A slab with three different languages.

What three languages are included on the stone?
Egyptian, Demotic, and Greek.

Why couldn't the text on the Stone be deciphered?
The texts are not completely complete.

Who finally deciphered the text? What was his breakthrough?
Jean Francois Champollion. He was able to decipher the text.

Why does the interpretation of the Rosetta Stone have such significance?
We now know about the ancient egyptians.

Cuneiform and the Sumerians | 3,000 BC

They are the beginning of our recorded history. They created vases and bowls.

Why is the region of Sumer considered the Cradle of Civilization?
The land is very fertile and the first written language was developed there.

What could the Sumerians practice year round because of the regions climate?
Their agriculture. 









 












Why was Cuneiform created?It was formed because they needed a way to keep track all business transactions.

What medium was used to "write" Cuneiform? Explain the process of preparing and writing on this surface?
Clay. They would first wet the clay, form it into a flat surface, and use a wedge made of reeds to make impressions into the surface. Then they would dry.

What did Cuneiform begin as a series of?
Pictographs. 



Post an example of evolved Cuneiform (wedge-shaped).

After it evolved over time, what shape did the characters of Cuneiform evolve into?
A wedge shaped language.

After the Akkadians conquered, what happened to the Sumerian culture and written language?
They became sophisticated.

What is a pictograph?
An ideogram that conveys a meaning.

Why did the creation of Cuneiform allow the Sumerians to become a sophisticated culture? 
The language helped make more simple and also created the business records allowing the civilization to prosper.

assignment 14

research-

brainstorm- camera on focal point, person taking picture in the cottom right corner, title centered at top,
additional information at bottom.

insperation- this inspires me for my design because i want to emphasis a camera in my design.

visual orginazation

-not directing the audience through a design is misdirecting them!


eye movement- eye moves top to bottom and left to right
- controlling eye movement within a composition is a matter of directing the natural scanning tendency of the viewers eye

- eye tends t gravitate towards areas of complexity first. in pictures of people, the eye is always attracted to the face and particularly the eye

- light areas of a composition will attract the eye, especially when adjacent to a dark area

-diagnal lines or edges will guide eye movement

optical center-  the spot where the human eye tends to enter the page. optical center is lightly above the center and to the left.

- it takes a compelling element to pull your eyes away from the spot

Z pattern- our visual pattern makes a sweep of the page, generally in the shape of a "Z"
-effective page design maps a viewers route through the information. the designers objective is to leaf the viewers eye to the important elements or information

Fonts-
 use no more than 2 fonts on a page.
make sure that they complement each other
avoid all uppercase letter unless its necessary
choose the right font
dont over use fancy or complicated fonts

visual hierarchy- establish focal points based on their importance to the mesage being communicated..
-a crucial part of the design process is tp establish an order of elements
-what do i want my viewer to look at first?

the grid-
-way of organizing content of a page, using any combination of margins, guidelines, rows, columns
 
-instituted by modernism

-can assist the audience by breaking info into manageable chunks and establishing relationships between text and images

-a grid consists of a distinct set of alignment based relationships that act as guide for distributing elements across a format.

-every disign is different therefore that disign will require a different grid structure.

cave paintings 35,000 years ago

What are cave paintings?
- colorful representations found on the inside of caves

Name several common themes found in cave paintings?
-large animals,tracings of human hands

How were these paintings created (tools, pigments)?
-water,plant juice , animal blood, soil charchol

What is the most famous cave painting site? When was it discovered and by whom?

-Lascaux  france 1940, 4 teenage boys found it accidentallyPost an example of cave painting(s) from this cave.

Why did this cave have to be closed? What was done to satisfy public curiosity?
-paintings ere being damaged by carbon monoxide they made lascaux 2

Post an example of cave painting(s) from Altamira cave.
In Altamira cave, why do most of the paintings have a red hue?
-red clay
Who discovered this site? How old are the paintings confirmed to be?
-Marceline Sanz De Sautuola, 19,000 years old
What is the oldest known cave painting site? When was it discovered and by whom?
-Chauvet-point Arc, eliette Brunell Deschamps, Christian Hillaire, Jean_Marie ChauvetPost an example of cave painting(s) from this cave.

What was different about the painting techniques at this site?
-walls were scraped free of debris to make the walls smoother
What is "speleology"?
-
What three reasons do archeologists and historians believe prehistoric man created cave paintings?
-teach to hunt
-recount a event that already happened
-if it was on the walls it might come true